EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION METHOD APPLICATION ON UPPER LIMB FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS AFTER STROKE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LITERATURE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2024vol2.7793Keywords:
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, rehabilitation, stroke, upper limbAbstract
The brain damage caused by a stroke can lead to severe and long-lasting physical and mental health problems, which can have a significant impact on human quality of life. Although restoring gait parameters in stroke patients is one of the most important rehabilitation goals, currently around 80% of stroke survivors have some degree of upper limb motor impairment. Several authors have shown that restoration of upper limb function is often more difficult to achieve and requires a longer rehabilitation period. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is thought to be one of the most common neurophysiological techniques used by physiotherapists in post-stroke rehabilitation. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) in improving upper limb function in patients after stroke through a systematic literature review. The research inquiry was performed by searching through various online databases until February 2023. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, studies were selected using the PICO model and its elements, and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. The review examined five studies on PNF effects in 210 stroke patients, all scoring six or more on the high-quality PEDro scale. Patients were, on average, 52 to 63 years old. Four of the five studies, using the Arm Motor Ability Test and Fugl-Meyer assessment, showed statistically significant improvements in upper limb motor ability and function post-PNF intervention. One study assessing self-care functional ability revealed significant improvements in the Barthel index for both experimental and control groups. Spasticity assessment with the Ashford scale in one study indicated a statistically significant reduction in upper limb spasticity in both groups. Yeole et al. found significant improvements in active range of motion using a manual goniometer in shoulder and elbow joints and wrist joint flexion, extension, and radial deviation for PNF-applied participants.
References
Abba, M., Muhammad, A., Badaru, U., & Abdullahi, A. (2020). Comparative effect of constraint-induced movement therapy and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on upper limb function of chronic stroke survivors. Physiotherapy Quarterly, 28(1), 1-5. DOI: 10.5114/pq.2020.89809.
Adler, S., Beckers, D., & Buck, M. (2008). PNF in Practice. An Illustrated Guide. New York: Springer.
Borowicz, W., Ptaszkowski, K., Murawska-Ciałowicz, E., & Rosińczuk, J. (2022). Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Mirror Therapy Methods Are Comparable Methods of Rehabilitation after a First-Ever Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Study. Sustainability, 14(22), 15246. DOI: 10.3390/su142215246.
Brakovska, I. (2010). Mācību materiāls. Fizioterapijas speciālās metodes dažādu pataloģiju ārstēšanā – proprioreceptīvā neiromuskulārā facilitācija. Riga: SIA Medicīnas apgāds,.
Cashin A. G. (2020). Clinimetrics: Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. Journal of Physiotherapy, 66(1), 59. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2019.08.005.
Chaturvedi, P., Singh, A. K., Kulshreshtha, D., Tiwari, V., Maurya, P. K., & Thacker, A. K. (2018). Effects of early proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises on sensory-motor recovery of upper extremity and neuroplasticity in the patients with acute stroke. Medico Research Chronicles, 5(5), 378-390. Retrieved from: https://medrech.com/index.php/medrech/article/view/328
Clery, A., Bhalla, A., Rudd, A. G., Wolfe, C. D., & Wang, Y. (2020). Trends in prevalence of acute stroke impairments: A population-based cohort study using the South London Stroke Register. PLoS Medicine, 17(10), e1003366. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003366.
Dhar, L., Anita Devi, S. A., Baruah, T. S., & Dutta, A. (2022). To Study the Effects of the PNF Stretching and Stabilization Exercises on the Improvement of Pain and Spastic Shoulder in Hemiplegic Patients: A Comparative Study: Life Sciences-Physiotherapy. International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research, 11(3), 61–70. DOI: 10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2021.11.3.L61-70
Ingram, L. A., Butler, A. A., Brodie, M. A., Lord, S. R., & Gandevia, S. C. (2021). Quantifying upper limb motor impairment in chronic stroke: a physiological profiling approach. Journal of Applied Physiology, 131(3), 949-965. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00078.2021.
Joshi, D., & Chitra, J. (2017). Effect of scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on shoulder pain, range of motion, and upper extremity function in hemiplegic patients: A randomized controlled trial. Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU, 10(3), 276-282. DOI: 10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_44_17.
Moraes, R., Freitas, E., Gomes, D., Possa, S., & Barcala, L. (2014). Effects of PNF Method for Hemiplegic Patients with Brachial Predominance after Stroke: Controlled and Blinded Clinical Trial. Neurological Research and Therapy, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14437/NRTOA-1-101 .
Murphy, S. J., & Werring, D. J. (2020). Stroke: causes and clinical features. Medicine, 48(9), 561-566. DOI: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2020.06.002.
Nogueira, N. G. D. H. M., Parma, J. O., de Assis Leão, S. E. S., de Souza Sales, I., Macedo, L. C., Galvão, A. C. D. R., ... & de Paula Ferreira, B. (2021). Mirror therapy in upper limb motor recovery and activities of daily living, and its neural correlates in stroke individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain research bulletin, 177, 217-238. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.10.003
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ... & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Bmj, 372. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n71.DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n71.
Purton, J., Sim, J., & Hunter, S. M. (2021). The experience of upper-limb dysfunction after stroke: a phenomenological study. Disability and rehabilitation, 43(23), 3377-3386. DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1743775.
Rai, B., Jimshad, T. U., & John, A. T. (2015). Effect of taping along with pnf techniques to improve shoulder mobility in hemiplegic subjects. International Journal of Development Research, 5(11), 5996-6000.
Santos, V. A., Santos, M. S., Ribeiro, N., & Maldonado, I. L. (2019). Combining Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Virtual Reality for Improving Sensorimotor Function in Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Central Nervous System Disease, 11. DOI: 10.1177/1179573519863826.
Singh, P. (2021, October 28). World Stroke Day. Retrieved from World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/southeastasia/news/detail/28-10-2021-world-stroke-day
Tanabe, H., Mitsukane, M., Toya, N., Takeichi, R., Hattori, H., Morita, Y., ... & Hasegawa, N. (2016). Clinical Evaluation of UR-System 2 for Recovery of Motor Function of Plegic Upper Limb after Stroke. J. Robotics Netw. Artif. Life, 3(1), 33-36. DOI: 10.2991/jrnal.2016.3.1.8.
Voss, D., Ionta, M., & Myers, B. (1968). Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Patterns and Techniques. New York: Harper and Row Publishers.
Yeole, U. L., Arora, S. P., Gharote, G. M., Panse, R. B., Pawar, P. A., & Kulkarni, S. A. (2017). Effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on spasticity in hemiplegia: Randomised controlled trial. J Med Sci Clin Res, 5(1), 15567-15572. DOI: 10.18535/jmscr/v5i1.61.
World Stroke Day 2022. (2022, October 29). Retrieved from World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/srilanka/news/detail/29-10-2022-world-stroke-day-2022
Znotina, I. (2014). Uz pierādījumiem balstītas medicīnas resursi – labāko pierādījumu meklēšana un izmantošana. Riga: Riga Stradins University.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
How to Cite
