HEART RATE RECOVERY CHANGES FOR HIGH CLASS CANOE SPRINT ATHLETES DURING DIFFERENT TRAINING PERIODS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol6.5112Keywords:
anaerobic threshold, heart rate, heart rate recovery, lactate concentrationAbstract
One of the criteria for exercise intensity in sport science is heart rate. Reduced heart rate in exercise indicates heart’s ability to work more effectively. 12 high class flat-water kayakers (Latvian national team members) took part in this study. The main aims of the study were to evaluate the improvements of the heart regeneration rate and the functional condition of the athletes over the time period of 4 years - where all participant repeated a maximum oxygen consumption test on rowing ergometer 43 times (2-6 times per athlete). Heart rate recovery drop was obtained in the first 4 minutes after the maximum oxygen consumption test. For reflection on functional condition, speed on kayak ergometer at lactate concentration in blood values of 1 mmol/l and 3 mmol/l was measured (low-intensity load and submaximal intensity load). Speed on kayak ergometer at a blood lactate value 3 mmol/l show an average increase of 0.96 km/h (By Student’s t – test for related samples and Wilcoxon’s criteria). For heart rate regeneration Wilcoxon’s criterion shows an average increase of 0.46%.References
Amano, M., Kanada, T., Ue, H., & Moritani, T. (2001). Exercise training and autonomic nervous system activity in obese individuals. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(8), 1287-1291.
Baldari, C., & Guidetti, L. (2000). A simple method for individual anaerobic threshold as predictor of max lactate steady state. Medicine & science in sports & exercise, 32(10), 1798-1802.
Bangsbo, J., Mohr, M., Poulsen, A., Perez-Gomez, J., & Krustrup, P. (2006). Training and testing the elite athlete. J Exerc Sci Fit, 4(1), 1-14.
Banister, E. W., & Calvert, T. W. (1980). Planning for future performance: implications for long term training. Canadian journal of applied sport sciences. Journal canadien des sciences appliquees au sport, 5(3), 170-176.
Borg, G., & Linderholm, H. (1967). Perceived exertion and pulse rate during graded exercise in various age groups". ActaMed.Scand, (Suppl. 472), 194-206.
Bourdon, P. C., Cardinale, M., Murray, A., Gastin, P., Kellmann, M., Varley, M. C., ... & Cable, N.T. (2017). Monitoring athlete training loads: consensus statement. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 12(s2), S2-161.
Carter, J.B., Banister, E.W., & Blaber, A.P. (2003). Effect of endurance exercise on autonomic control of heart rate. Sports medicine, 33(1), 33-46.
Dansprint.com. (n.d.). TECHNICAL INFORMATION - Dansprint UK. [online] Available at: http://www.dansprint.com/uk/DANSPRINT-ERGOMETERS/TECHNICAL-INFORMATION.html
Dixon, E.M., Kamath, M.V., McCartney, N., & Fallen, E.L. (1992). Neural regulation of heart rate variability in endurance athletes and sedentary controls. Cardiovascular research, 26(7), 713-719.
Eston, R.G., & Williams, J.G. (1986). Exercise intensity and perceived exertion in adolescent boys. British journal of sports medicine, 20(1), 27-30.
Faria, E.W., Parker, D.L., & Faria, I.E. (2005). The Science of Cycling. Sports Medicine, 35(4), 285–312.
Faude, O., Kindermann, W., & Meyer, T. (2009). Lactate threshold concepts. Sports medicine, 39(6), 469-490.
Greiwe, J.S., Hickner, R.C., Hansen, P.A., Racette, S.B., Chen, M. M., &Holloszy, J.O. (1999). Effects of endurance exercise training on muscle glycogen accumulation in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 87(1), 222-226.
HaB Direct. (n.d.). EKF Diagnostics Biosen Blood Glucose/Lactate Analyser | HaB Direct. [online] Retrieved from http://www.habdirect.co.uk/biosen-c-line-glucose-and-lactate-analysers .
Hall, E.J., & Guyton, C.A. (2006). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology: 12th edition. Elsevier Inc. 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd., Suite 1800 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-2899
Iwasaki, K.I., Zhang, R., Zuckerman, J.H., & Levine, B.D. (2003). Dose-response relationship of the cardiovascular adaptation to endurance training in healthy adults: how much training for what benefit?. Journal of Applied Physiology, 95(4), 1575-1583.
Javorka, M., Zila, I., Balharek, T., &Javorka, K. (2002). Heart rate recovery after exercise: relations to heart rate variability and complexity. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 35(8), 991-1000. (par heart rate recovery)
Jones, A.M. (2006). The physiology of the world record holder for the women's marathon. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 1(2), 101-116.
Kannankeril, P.J., Le, F.K., Kadish, A.H., & Goldberger, J.J. (2004). Parasympathetic effects on heart rate recovery after exercise. Journal of investigative medicine, 52(6), 394-401.
Karvonen, J., & Vuorimaa, T. (1988). Heart rate and exercise intensity during sports activities. Sports Medicine, 5(5), 303-311.
Kindermann, W., Simon, G., & Keul, J. (1979). The significance of the aerobic-anaerobic transition for the determination of work load intensities during endurance training. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 42(1), 25-34.
Lambert, M.I., & Borresen, J. (2010). Measuring training load in sports. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 5(3), 406-411.
Lambert, M.I., Mbambo, Z.H., & Gibson, A.S.C. (1998). Heart rate during training and competition for longdistance running. Journal of sports sciences, 16(sup1), 85-90.
Laukkanen, R.M., & Virtanen, P.K. (1998). Heart rate monitors: state-of-the art. Journal of sports sciences, 16(sup1), 3-7.
Mann, T., Lamberts, R.P., & Lambert, M.I. (2013). Methods of prescribing relative exercise intensity: physiological and practical considerations. Sports medicine, 43(7), 613-625.
Nims, J., Capozzi, M., Hailey, M. B., & Crankson, K. (2018). U.S. Patent No. 9,895,096. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Platonov, V.N. (2004). Otbor i orientacija sportsmenov v sisteme mnogoletnej podgotovki. Sistema podgotovki sportsmenov v olimpijskom sporte. Kiev: Olimpijskaja literatura, 524-558.
Stegmann, H., & Kindermann, W. (1982). Comparison of prolonged exercise tests at the individual anaerobic threshold and the fixed anaerobic threshold of 4 mmol· L-1 lactate. International journal of sports medicine, 3(02), 105-110.
Seiler, S., Haugen, O., & Kuffel, E. (2007). Autonomic recovery after exercise in trained athletes: intensity and duration effects. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(8), 1366-1373. (arī par HR recovery)
Shin, K., Minamitani, H., Onishi, S., Yamazaki, H., & Lee, M. (1995a). The power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in athletes during dynamic exercise—Part I. Clinical cardiology, 18(10), 583-586.
Shin, K., Minamitani, H., Onishi, S., Yamazaki, H., & Lee, M. (1995b). The power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in athletes during dynamic exercise—Part II. Clinical cardiology, 18(11), 664-668.
Shlyk, N.I. (2016). Management of athletic training taking into account individual heart rate variability characteristics. Human Physiology, 42(6), 655-664.
Skinner, J.S., & Mclellan, T.H. (1980). The transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 51(1), 234-248.
Skinner, J.S., Hustler, R., Bergsteinova, V., & Buskirk, E. R. (1973). Perception of effort during different types of exercise and under different environmental conditions. Med.& Sci. in Sports, 5, 110-115.
Smith, M.L., Hudson, D.L., Graitzer, H.M., & Raven, P.B. (1989). Exercise training bradycardia: the role of autonomic balance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 21(1), 40-44.
Stamford, B. A. (1976). Validity and reliability of subjective ratings of perceived exertion during work. Ergonomics, 19, 53-60.
Support.polar.com. (n.d.). [online] Retrieved from https://support.polar.com/support_files/en/C225742500419A8A42256BED00225FD1/Manual%20M91ti+%20USA-GBR%20A.pdf
Wilmore, J.H., Stanforth, P.R., Gagnon, J., Leon, A.S., Rao, D.C., Skinner, J.S., & Bouchard, C. (1996). Endurance exercise training has a minimal effect on resting heart rate: the HERITAGE Study. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 28(7), 829-835.
Yamamoto, K., Myachi, M., Saitoh, T., Yoshioka, A., & Onodera, S. (2001). Effects of endurance training on resting and post-exercise cardiac autonomic control. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(9), 1496-1502.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
How to Cite
