CAREER GUIDANCE FOR WOMAN AFTER PARENTAL LEAVE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17770/er2022.1.6804Keywords:
career support, mothers, parental leave, women's careerAbstract
Often, the return of woman to work after parental leave gives many reflections and emotional experiences on how to reconcile the balance between work and private life. Becomes important still woman, after long absences, is able to compete qualitatively on the labor market.
The mother's competencies, professional knowledge, qualifications and compliance with job responsibilities and requirements are important in order to be able to adapt to new social roles.
Fundamentally, whether and to what extent, woman needs career support.
The mission of a career counselor in a conversation with a mother after parental leave is to guide her to possible strategies for action. It is important to raise a woman's awareness of her desires, skills, strengths, opportunities for her success in her career development. The study, on career support for mothers after parental leave, involved 190 mothers who answered 40 questionnaire questions. The study was conducted with the aim of clarifying how existing career support can help mothers to return to the labor market after parental leave. The results of the study show that most mothers need career support after parental leave. Career support would be more demanding if information on career support services was available in one place for this target group. The most frequently mentioned troublesome conditions for career development are work and private life disbalance, lack of time, unavailability of childcare services, finance.
Downloads
References
Astin, H.S. (1984). The meaning of work in women’s lives: A sociopsychological model of career choice and work behavior. The Counseling Psychologist, 12, 117-126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0011000084124002
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychology Review, 84, 191-215. DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Belenky, M., Clinchy, B., Goldberger, N., & Tarule, J. (1986). Womens’ ways of knowing. New York: Basic Books.
Betz, N. E., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (1987). The career psychology of women. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Brinkmane-Brimane, E. & Dislere, V. (2020). Karjeras attīstības atbalsta modelis sievietēm pēc bērna piedzimšanas. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol5.4844
Brooks, L. (1990). Recent developments in theory building. In D. Brown & L. Brooks (Eds.), Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice (2nd ed., pp. 364-393). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Cook, E., Heppner, M., & O’Brien, K. (2002). Career development of women of color and white women: Assumptions, conceptualization, and interventions from an ecological perspective. Career Development Quarterly, 50, 291–305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2002.tb00574.x
Crozier, S. D. (1999). Women’s career development in a “relational context”. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 21, 231-247. DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1023/A:1005489823722
Farmer, H.S. (1985). A model of career and achievement motivation for women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 32, 363–390. DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0167.32.3.363
Farmer, H.S. (2006). History of Career Counseling for Women, Handbook of Career Counseling for Women, (2nd.) (Edited by W. Bruce Walsh & Mary J. Heppner ), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey: Mahwah, 1-45.
Fassinger, R. E. (1990). Casual models of career choice in two samples of college women. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 36, 225-248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(90)90029-2
Fitzgerald, L. F. & Crites, J. O. (1980). Toward a career psychology of women: What do we know? What do we need to know? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, 44-62. DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0167.27.1.44
Fitzgerald, L.F. & Weitzman, L.M. (1992). Women`s career development: Theory and practice from a feminist perspective. In: H.D. Lea&Z.B. Leibowith (Eds.), Adult career development: Concepts, issues and practices (pp. 124-160). Alexandria, VA: The National Career Development Association.
Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Gottfredson, L. S. (1981). Circumscription and compromise: A developmental theory of occupational aspirations. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, 545-579. DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0167.28.6.545
Hackett, G. & Betz, N. E. (1981). A self-efficacy approach to the career development of women. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 18(3), 326-339. DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/0001-8791(81)90019-1
Hackett, G. (1997). Promise and problems in theory and research on women’s career development: Comment on Luca (1997), Richie et al. (1997), McCracken and Weitsman (1997), Rainely and Borders (1997), and Schaefers, Epperson, and Naua (1997). Journal of Counseling Psychology, 44(2), 184-188.
Krejg, G. (2000). Psihologija razvitija. SanktPeterburg, Piter.
Lalande, V. M., Crozier, S. D., & Davey, H. (2000). Women’s career development and relationships: A qualitative inquiry. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 34(3), 193-203.
Osipow, S. H. (1983). Theories of career development (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Osipow, H.S.,& Fitzgerald, F.L. (2015). Theories of Career Development. (4th ed.). Boston, London: Allyn and Bacon, 249-260.
Patton, W., & McMahon M. (2014). Career Development and Systems Theory, Connecting Theory and Practice, (3rd ed.) Boston, Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers, 135-154.
Perun, P., & Bielby, D. (1981). Towards a model of female occupational behavior: A human development approach. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 6, 234-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1471-6402.1981.tb00410.x
Psathas, G. (1968). Toward a theory occupational choice for women. Sociology and Social Research, 52, 253-268.
Rācene, A. (2017). Karjeras attīstība sievietēm profesionālās krīzes situācijās mūžizglītības kontekstā. Pieejams https://llufb.llu.lv/dissertation-summary/education/Anita_Racene_prom_darba_kopsavilkums_LLU_2017.pdf
Richardson, M. S. & Schaeffer, C. (2013). Expanding the discourse: A dual model of working for women’s (and men’s) lives. In W. Patton (Ed.), Conceptualising women’s working lives: Moving the boundaries of discourse (pp. 23-50). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Strods, G. (2008). Karjeras atbalsta un teoriju attīstība Rietumu valstīs, nodaļa grāmatā Karjeras attīstības atbalsts. (Miķelsone I., Latsone L.,u.c., 2008). Rīga: Valsts izglītības attīstības aģentūra. 82-97.
Super, D. E. (1957). The psychology of careers: An introduction to vocational development. New York: Harper and Row.
Super, D.E. & Nevill, D. D. (1984). Work role salience as a determinant of career maturity in high school students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 25, 30-44. DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/0001-8791(84)90034-4
Zytowski, D.G. (1969). Toward a theory of career development for women. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 47, 660-664. DOI: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/j.2164-4918.1969.tb02974.x