PROCESSING POSSIBILITIES OF BIRCH OUTER BARK INTO GREEN BIO-COMPOSITES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2017vol3.2577Keywords:
Bio-composites, birch outer bark, suberinic acidsAbstract
The main objective of the study was to obtain bio-composites from grey alder sawdust using a mixture of birch outer bark suberinic acids as a binder, and to test their mechanical properties. Ethanol-extracted birch outer bark was used as a raw material for the investigation. Characteristics (suberinic acids content, epoxy acids content and acid number) of the hydrolytically depolymerized birch outer bark binder were also determined. The initial filler/binder ratio and molding parameters (temperature and pressure) were established by the full factorial design. Preliminary data showed that the increase of the pressing temperature from 160 to 200 °C at a pressure of 3.5 MPa resulted in a minor growth of the boards’ density (up to 1.0 g/cm3) and bending strength (up to 17.1 MPa). Our investigation has shown that it is possible to use one of the plywood production residues – outer birch bark – as a raw material for obtaining particleboards, which have mechanical properties beyond the standard limits. The used method is also environmentally friendly, easy realizable in practice and has a potential to be cost-effective.Downloads
References
“Update on the formaldehyde release from wood-based panels // MDF Yearbook” Sept. 2008. [Online]. Available: http://chimarhellas.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/FA_2008.pdf [Accessed Febr. 27, 2017].
S. Wawzonek, "Formaldehyde depressed particle board," U. S. Patent 4457978A, July 3, 1984.
S. Khosravi, F. Khabbaz, P. Nordqvist and M. Johansson, "Protein-based adhesives for particleboards," Ind. Crops Prod., vol. 32, pp. 275-283, 2010.
N. S. Sulaiman, R. Hashim, M. H. M. Amini, O. Sulaiman and S. Hiziroglu, "Evaluation of the properties of particleboard made using oil palm starch modified with epichlorohydrin," BioResources, vol. 8, pp. 283-301, 2012.
“Final Report Summary – FORESTSPECS, Wood Bark and Peat Based Bioactive Compounds, Speciality Chemicals, and Remediation Materials: from Innovations to Applications”, [Online]. Available: http://cordis.europa.eu/result/rcn/149969_en.html [Accessed Febr. 27, 2017].
P. A. Krasutsky, "Birch bark research and development," Natural Product Reports, vol. 23, pp. 919-942, 2006.
A. N. Kislitsyn, "Outer birch bark extractives: isolation, composition, properties and application," Khimiya drevesiny (Wood Chemistry), vol. 3, pp. 3-28, 1994.
I. G. Sudakova, N. V. Garyntseva and B. N. Kuznetsov, "Obtaining of wood plate materials using binders based on suberin of birch outer bark," Himija rastitel'nogo syr'ja (Chemistry of Plant Raw Material), vol. 3, pp. 65-68, 2011 (source is in Russian).
J. Zandersons, J. Rižikovs, A. Pāže, A. Tardenaka and B. Spince, "Method for making formaldehyde-free particle boards," LV Patent 15031 (A), July 20, 2015.
J. Rizhikovs, J. Zandersons, G. Dobele and A. Paze, "Isolation of triterpene-rich extracts from outer birch bark by hot water and alkaline pre-treatment or the appropriate choice of solvents," Ind. Crops Prod., vol. 76, pp. 209-214, 2015.
A. V. Obolenskaya, Z. P. Elnitskaya and A. A. Leonovich, Laboratory Works in the Chemistry of Wood and Cellulose. Moscow: Ecologya, pp. 75-76, 1991 (source is in Russian).
TAPPI 222 om-02:2006. Acid-insoluble lignin in wood and pulp.
BS EN 1477:2009. Solid biofuels. Determination of ash content.
I. G. Sudakova, B. N. Kuznetsov and N. V. Garyntseva, "A study of the isolation process of the suberinic substances from birch outer bark," Himija rastitel'nogo syr'ja (Chemistry of Plant Raw Material), vol. 1, pp. 41-44, 2008 (source is in Russian).
BS EN 323:1993. Wood-based panels. Determination of density.
BS EN 310:1993. Wood-based panels. Determination of modulus of elasticity in bending and of bending strength.
V. А. Levandansky and S. А. Kuznetsova, Chemical Products of Wood Bark. Krasnoyarsk: Siberian State Technological University, 2012, pp. 146-162 (source is in Russian).
J. Rižikovs, J. Zandresons, A. Pāže, A. Tardenaka and B. Spince, "Isolation of suberinic acids from extracted outer birch bark depending on the application purposes," Baltic Forestry, vol. 20, pp. 98-105, 2014.
DIN EN 312:2010. Particleboards. Specifications.
I. G. Sudakova, B. N. Kuznetsov, N. V. Garyntseva, N. I. Pavlenko and N. M. Ivanchenko, "Functional and thermal analysis of suberin isolated from birch bark," Journal of Siberian Federal University. Chemistry, vol. 4, pp. 355-362, 2008.
