https://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/atomBORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT2023-02-17T09:41:33+02:00Daina Znotiņadaina.znotina@rta.lvOpen Journal Systemshttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/7048DOCUMENT CHECK AT BORDER CONTROL AS A BASIC ELEMENT OF INTERNAL SECURITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA2023-02-17T09:41:33+02:00Davis SporansJelena VolkovaOlegs Ignatjevs
<em>The aim of the current research is to make extensive study of the document check process, to examine it’s legal and practical matters within the State Border Guard of Latvia and to define necessary actions to develop the process mentioned above. To achieve the aim, following objectives were defined: to study the legal matters of the document check process in State Border Guard, to evaluate State Border Guard’s technical means in the field of document check, to study practical aspects in document check process according to data collected from respondents within State Border Guard, to analyze the problematics of the document check process in State Border Guard and to define the necessary development decisions. Following research methods were used: monographic or descriptive method, document analysis, logic- constructive method, analytic method, sociological survey method. Within the topic of Document check at border control as a basic element of internal security in the Republic of Latvia, the authors thoroughly examined the process of document check, its legal and practical aspects within the example of State Border Guard of Latvia and also defined necessary development actions in the period between years 2017 and November 2021.</em>
2023-02-17T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENThttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/7051COMPATIBILITY OF STATE BORDER GUARD AND NATIONAL ARMED FORCES IN THE STATE OF EXCEPTION OR WAR SITUATION2023-02-17T09:41:33+02:00Arvils MikazansOlegs Ignatjevs
<em>National armed forces of the Republic of Latvia in the state of exception or war situation. To achieve the aim, following objectives were defined: to state current status of military training in State border guard, to compare State border guard equipment, armament, procedures and training with National armed forces ones, to make proposals for improvement of current compatibility. Following research methods were used: monographic or descriptive method, document analysis, logic- constructive method, analytic method. Within the topic of military compatibility research, the author thoroughly examined State border guard tasks in military sphere, the cooperation between both institutions and the compatibility of State border guard and National armed forces.</em>
2023-02-17T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENThttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/7050THE IMAGE OF THE BORDER GUARD IN SOCIETY2023-02-17T09:41:33+02:00Dace ZariņaIluta ArbidāneDaina Znotiņa
<em>The profession of border guard is one of the oldest professions and plays an important role in the functioning of the state. Its image is shaped by public perceptions of the professional activities, behaviors and attitudes of its members. In principle, it is a set of opinions about the reputation, prestige and popularity of the profession. In order to find out and study the public opinion on the image and prestige of the border guard profession in today's changing conditions, the authors of the article both discusses theoretical findings on the image of the profession and, by analyzing the results of a survey, studies the public opinions on the image of the border guard profession. The public values professionalism, the highest human values (honesty, justice, patriotism, loyalty, etc.), kind and responsive communication, visual image, as well as positive publicity about the sector, achievements of border guards and other positive events.</em>
2023-02-17T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENThttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/7049EUROPEAN BORDER AND COAST GUARD STANDING CORPS CATEGORY 1 BASIC TRAINING TOPICALITIES IN ENSURING THE EU BORDER SECURITY2023-02-17T09:41:33+02:00Iwona Frankowska
<em>Establishment of the European Border and Coast Guard Standing Corps Category 1 has been recently the most visible change in the European approach in the management of the EU external borders. The political decision of the EU to have its own law enforcement officers for border protection and migration management and return-related tasks, has manifested a paradigm shift, also in training and education. The European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) has a leading role in capacity building, for example in terms of providing training for the members of the Category 1. The Agency Regulation provides a legal basis for the statutory staff of the Standing Corps, in particular highlighting the importance of training based on common values and culture, and respect of fundamental rights. The European dimension of the Standing Corps training is underpinned by the legal and ethical responsibilities of the Agency to ensure that the members of the Standing Corps are well trained and fully prepared to perform tasks with executive powers. The main aim of the paper is to explore the establishment of standing corps from the perspective of basic training. The context presented supports the thesis that the initial training serves as the foundation of public agreement and investment for common safety and security. The paper builds upon hands-on experience of the author and draws the general conclusion to prove the thesis based on the legal instruments presented and implementation of basic training editions.</em>
2023-02-17T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENThttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/7046FOREIGN (TERRORIST) FIGHTERS AND THEIR FAMILIES: CHALLENGES FOR STATE INSTITUTIONS AND THE BORDER MANAGEMENT OF ESTONIA AND THE EU2023-02-17T09:41:33+02:00Oksana Belova-Dalton
<em>Foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs) returning with their families to the countries of origin in the EU after the fall of ISIS caliphate in Iraq and Syria, as well as foreign fighters (FFs) returning to the EU after combating in the conflict zones in (Eastern) Ukraine present a significant challenge for public institutions and border management of the EU member states. While there is differing legislation across member states regarding the treatment of foreign fighters in Ukraine, there are largely common views on and framework for prosecution of FTFs, deradicalisation and reintegration of them and their families, which requires a remarkable multi-agency effort as exemplified by member states like Finland and Sweden. Having served their sentences, FTFs and, possibly, also FFs have a clean profile, but there remains a risk that some of them may resume terrorism-related activities. In this article, questionnaire as well as semi-structured interviews were used to establish how Finland, Sweden, and the Baltic States are handling the issue of FTFs and FFs; also, the impact of the FTFs and FFs on Estonia’s as well as the EU’s border management is analysed. Major conclusions of the study include the suggestion to use smart gates for the biometric verification of all passengers within the Schengen area as well as the suggestion for the Baltic States to create and develop multi-agency framework for treatment of returnees and refugees from conflict zones.</em>
2023-02-17T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENThttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/7047THEORETICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF THE CONCEPT „INFORMATION“2023-02-17T09:41:33+02:00Ilin Savov
<em>Information has always played a decisive role in the history of civilization development and has served as the basis for decision-making at all levels and stages of society and state development. In the history of societal development, several information revolutions can be distinguished, associated with cardinal changes in the sphere of production, processing, and transmission of information, leading to radical transformations of social relations. As a result of such transformations, society has in a certain sense acquired a new quality. The article present the specific range of social relations related to the role and importance of information on the field of national security.</em>
2023-02-17T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENThttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/7039PRESENCE DETECTION SYSTEMS - EFFICIENCY OF USE, BEST PRACTICE2023-02-17T09:41:32+02:00Roberts VikainisSergejs TalapinsRomans Matvejevs
<em>One of the features of the development of modern society is the growing need to restrict access to various objects. The main task of the State Border Guard is to ensure the inviolability of the state border, including the prevention of illegal crossing of the state border. Nowadays, presence detection systems are often used for this purpose - devices or functions of a security television system that generate an alarm when movement is detected in the field of view of the camcorder. The aim of the current study is to analyze the efficiency of the use of presence detection systems used in the structural units of the State Border Guard.</em>
2023-02-17T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENThttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/7044THE LATEST DOCUMENT PERSONALIZATION TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR DETECTION METHODS2023-02-17T09:41:32+02:00Inta Pokule
<em>The protection of secure documents has been given great importance at all times. It doesn't even matter if it's a passport, a driver's license or an educational document, any secure document must be protected and made by a public authority. The use of forged documents costs the world billions of euros, as they can be used both to disguise one's true identity and to commit crimes. For the purpose of document protection, the modification of documents is constantly carried out, with the aim - to protect the documents of one's country as best as possible by using more innovative and high-quality methods of both production and personalization. The research will research and summarize the most innovative technologies used in the personalization process, as well as analyze the methods of technology identification.</em>
2023-02-17T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENThttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/7038PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF BORDER GUARDS IN PROFILING PERSONS2023-02-17T09:41:32+02:00Juris Madžuls
<em>The author of the paper explores the content of the qualification improvement course “Profiling, Interviewing, Identification” implemented in the State Border Guard College of the Republic of Latvia, the questionnaires given to the course participants in order to develop the guidelines for more effective training of border guards in the field of profiling and provides his point of view, taking into account training on profiling delivered in national and international context and level. The paper is aimed to identify the possibilities of improving the border guards’ professional background in performing profiling in line with the current socio-economic, political and migration trends in Europe and in the world. The research was done in the State Border Guard College of the Republic of Latvia and several Central Asia region countries. For this purpose analysis and evaluation of documents, scientific, pedagogical and psychological literature was performed and suggestions for the improvement of border guard training system in the field of profiling were compiled. The author concludes that the current SBGC lecturers` level of proficiency allows to develop and implement any length and content qualification improvement course in the field of profiling. The author recommends to develop a micro-learning approach, namely by creating a variety of short video training materials. Development of profiling methodological instructions at the central level of the State Border Guard would lead to the increase of profiler (border guard) activities efficiency in performing service duties and would allow to operate with profiling related terms, procedures and activities.</em>
2023-02-17T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENThttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/7040BORDER CHECKS OF PERSONS DURING A PANDEMIC PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS2023-02-17T09:41:32+02:00Kristīne RižakovaEduards Agafonovs
<em>The article is a study of border checks (hereinafter BCs) of persons during a pandemic – a study of problems and possible solutions. BC problems at different border crossing points (BCPs) are analysed in the study – their importance and possible solutions. In this article, the authors study the influence of a pandemic on efficient performance of the duties of the State Border Guard (hereinafter the SBG) and design recommendations to improve the work of the SBG. The research aim is to study BCs of persons during a pandemic, associated problems and possible solutions, make an evaluation, conclusions, and recommendations. Research objectives: - Analyse the legal regulations for BCs of persons during a pandemic; - Study the specifications of BCs of persons during the Covid-19 pandemic; - Study the problems associated with BCs of persons during the Covid-19 pandemic at different types of border crossing points, perform an analysis and suggest possible solutions. Primary methods used: Analysis and qualitative methods. Main results – find possible solutions to the problems associated with BCs of persons during a pandemic. The European Union (hereinafter the EU) is striving to improve the protection of its external borders by suggesting various modern solutions. The EU border management policies are met with the influx of refugees and migrants in unprecedented numbers, which has also uncovered deficiencies in the EU policy concerning external borders and migration. The EU is also facing the Covid-19 pandemic and the increase in security problems. The State Border Guard officers have to adapt to new and strained working conditions, have to be able to provide themselves with all the necessary personal protection equipment; if necessary, send officers to serve in other units and test their ability to cooperate with other institutions at a completely different level. They have to be able to successfully ensure the security of the state border in accordance with the requirements of the EU, as well as perform priority tasks in accordance with the situation in any conditions.</em>
2023-02-17T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENThttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/7041ACCELERATED ASYLUM PROCEDURE IN LATVIA, LEGAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS2023-02-17T09:41:32+02:00Iveta AdijāneJolanta Gaigalniece-Zelenova
<em>Recent years have brought many challenges to all countries of the European Union in the field of immigration and asylum. Latvia, in the process of involving into the common European asylum system, has made different practical actions to improve the asylum procedure. Being a European Union country Latvia is subordinated to common changes in the field of asylum that are now in process of realization. But the events of recent years have influenced the sphere of asylum. These are: COVID-19, hybrid threat and situation at the Belarus border and recent events concerning situation in Ukraine. The authors have studied most current events during recent years focusing on questions on the topic. The aim of this article is to analyse the current situation of asylum in the EU, touching upon main trends in the world of refugees, to identify the main problems in the existing asylum procedure in the EU, in order to define the accelerated asylum procedure in the legal basis and in practical life, and to offer solutions. The object of the article is the asylum system. The subject of the article is the accelerated asylum procedure. In order to achieve objectives, following research methods were used: monographic research of theoretical and empirical sources in order to analyse and evaluate various asylum domain information, analytical method in order to acquire legislative content and verities, historical method, comparative method, systemic method, descriptive statistics method and correlation analysis, methods of interpretation of legal norms: grammatical method of interpretation, the historical method of interpretation, teleological method of interpretation and the systemic method of interpretation of legal provisions.</em>
2023-02-17T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENThttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/7042PECULIARITIES OF JOINT PATROLLING AT THE LITHUANIAN-POLISH STATE BORDER2023-02-17T09:41:32+02:00Antanas Lepeška
<em>Lithuanian border guards carry out joint patrols with officials of both neighboring European Union countries – Poland and Latvia. And although the legal basis is similar, the practical implementation of joint patrols is significantly different. In this article, the author introduces the joint patrol on the Lithuanian-Polish state border carried out by the officers of the State Border Guard Service. A historical overview of joint patrolling is provided. The training system for joint patrol officers is explained and an overview of the previous training has been presented. Aspects of the legal regulation and practical activities of the joint patrols carried out by the officers of the Lithuanian and Polish border guard services are analyzed. Good practice and issues are presented. It is suggested how to improve the efficiency of joint patrol training and improve the implementation of joint patrolling.</em>
2023-02-17T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENThttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/7043INNOVATIONS IN DATA EXCHANGE FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT TASKS2023-02-17T09:41:32+02:00Erika Krutova
<p>Information systems are becoming increasingly important in the functioning of law enforcement authorities. In addition to border control in the area, the exchange of information between national competent services is of particular importance. This process is ensured in the European Union through a number of tools, some of which the Schengen Information System, Passenger Name Record, the Europol’s Secure Information Exchange Network Application are. <strong> </strong></p> <p>Legal instruments such as the Prüm Decisions and the Swedish Initiative have been adopted to reduce legal barriers and accelerate the exchange of information between national competent services. However, criminal threats force to reassessment of the effectiveness of existing cooperation and for even more targeted action. Although existing resources and technological capabilities allow information to be searched online, to perform cross-checks for match detection and rapid data exchange, modern options have not been fully implemented yet. The aim of this article is to analyse the existing instruments for information exchange and to assess the novelties of the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on information exchange between law enforcement authorities of Member States, repealing Council Framework Decision 2006/960/JHA.</p> <p>Empirical research methods were used in the study. The author of the study comes to the conclusion that the implementation of the Directive requires significant improvements in national regulation.</p><p> </p>
2023-02-17T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENThttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/7045DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL EDUCATION CAPACITY IN THE STATE BORDER GUARD OF LATVIA2023-02-17T09:41:32+02:00Mārtiņš Spridzāns
<em>Digital education and education transformation perspectives have particularly become the topics of interest and research during Covid-19 pandemic in all law enforcement institutions. Experience gained by overcoming weaknesses in e-learning and best practices identified need to be summarised and shared in order to strengthen existing border guards e-learning systems as well as timely prepare infrastructure and trainers for unexpected challenges and future education trends. The article outlines research results on the analysis of the current trends in digital learning in context of e-learning in the State Border Guard. Article includes research of main problems, risks and concerns regarding digital education in general as well as well as potential opportunities and recommendations for further development of e-learning for border guards. Existing problematic areas have been identified by historic research method, particularly Covid-19 experience. Future perspectives in developing border guard’s digital education capacity and potential have been defined based on scientific researches analysis.</em>
2023-02-17T00:00:00+02:00Copyright (c) 2023 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENThttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/5367EU BORDER SECURITY – THE DRIVERS AND BARRIERS OF BORDER GUARDING AUTHORITIES MOTIVATION IN TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION. CASE OF LATVIA2021-01-09T09:50:44+02:00Raimonds Kublickis
<p class="c2"><em>With the dynamic development of modern society, ensuring the security and control of the state border is the simultaneous goals of both internal and external security of the country. Consequently, it is vitally important to identify and develop tools and ways to address emerging challenges. In the current climate, private and public organizations are required to be up-to date with technological advancements in order to provide competitive, relative and effective solutions and services for inhabitants in all areas. Technological innovation is an important and even compulsory element of the modern organization, which stimulates continuous development and potential growth. There are many innovative ideas within other industries and universities where joint funds could be sort to allow the delivery of innovative solutions that would benefit such law enforcement agencies as border guarding authorities. A significant problem is that there appears to be a lack of interest from the respective law enforcement organizations in participating in consortiums, which is necessary for submission of any proposal. Jon Freemans` Analytical framework for understanding of innovation process used to under pin the main concepts of the research proposed in this thesis. This research involved a series of interviews and questionnaires designed to analyse the perceptions of the drivers and barriers of the State Border Guard of Latvia. From detailed results analysis, a list of general recommendation been established for Border Guarding Authorities in order to improve its motivation for participation in the projects related development of the technological innovation in the field of border security by conducting internal measures and improving network/connection building outside of the organization.</em></p>
2020-10-20T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2020 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical conferencehttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/5366ANALYSIS OF FALSE DOCUMENTS DETECTED AT THE BORDER CONTROL OF EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES AND THE PROSPECTIVE METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF COUNTERFEITS2021-01-09T09:50:43+02:00Gaļina JupatovaIluta ArbidaneIveta Mietule
<p><em>The subject of the paper "Analysis of False Documents Detected at the Border Control of European Union Member States and the Prospective Methods for the Detection of Counterfeits" is topical, as the verification of the authenticity of travel documents is the cornerstone of border controls; also, the interrelations between the techniques of producing false documents discovered in the EU Member States and the practical application of technologically new methods of document reproduction has not been extensively reviewed and evaluated in EU scientific literature and current information materials. Identity fraud is expensive: from bank accounts opened with false names to money laundering and all kinds of smuggling and terrorism. The endless variety of criminal activities gives false documents a high value. In addition, for 3 billion travelers worldwide, identity verification needs to be fast, unproblematic and effective. Due to the pressure on borders (time constraints and an increasing numbers of travelers) and the increasing complexity of modern document security, border control capabilities (officials and/or automated systems) are compelled to decide quickly and simply whether documents submitted are authentic or false. The operational execution of document verification capacity is crucial for the efficiency and security of border checks. The aim of the research is to study the quality of false documents discovered at European Union Member States’ border inspections and to identify prospective methods of their detection.</em></p>
2020-10-20T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2020 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical conferencehttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/5365PROBLEMS OF VERIFYING THE AUTHENTICITY OF ASYLUM SEEKERS' DOCUMENTS AND IMPROVING THE IDENTIFICATION OF THESE PERSONS2021-01-09T09:50:43+02:00Inna ŠnipaIluta ArbidaneJeļena Volkova
<p><em>The Republic of Latvia must be ready to implement the asylum procedure quickly and efficiently, improving the identification process, as the influx of asylum seekers into the EU may recur.</em><em> </em><em>The aim of the research is to study the asylum seekers identification procedure, the factors affecting it, and the possibilities for improving this procedure, to determine nature of the authentication process of documents presented by asylum seekers, to identify authentication problems and to find possible solutions.</em><em> As a result of the research, the authors have evaluated the process of asylum seekers identification and developed proposals for its improvement, described the factors affecting the authentication of asylum seekers' documents and evaluated the possibilities to exclude these factors. The method of scientific induction, graphical method, document analysis, monographic or descriptive method are used in the research.</em></p>
2020-10-20T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2020 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical conferencehttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/5359CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ASYLUM SYSTEM IN THE EUROPEAN UNION2021-01-09T09:50:43+02:00Iveta Adijāne
<p><em>There still is a lack of unity among EU Member States on asylum issues, both, in the practical application of the existing legal framework and in the direction of the common asylum system. Latvia is subject of both international and European Union common asylum conditions. Any changes in the scale of the European Union affect Latvia, and the world situation in the field of refugees also affects our country. The aim of this article is to analyse the current situation of asylum in the EU, touching upon main trends in the world of refugees, and to identify the main problems in the existing asylum procedure in the EU. In order to achieve objectives, following research methods were used: monographic research of theoretical and empirical sources in order to analyse and evaluate various asylum domain information, analytical method in order to acquire legislative content and verities, comparative method in order to discover differences in legislation of asylum procedure in EU countries, systemic method in order to disclose interconnections in legislation, descriptive statistics method and correlation analysis in order to analyse process of asylum procedure and determine interconnections in asylum procedure time frame between legislation and practical instances in EU countries.</em></p>
2020-10-20T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2020 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical conferencehttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/5360ATTITUDES OF THE ESTONIAN BORDER GUARD AND POLICE OFFICERS ON IMMIGRATION AND RADICALIZATION2021-01-09T09:50:43+02:00Kai Veispak-Rawlings
<p><em>The article in the first part outlines the current discussion of the state of training under cultural intelligence, including definitions and examples of possible interdictions of the bad players. The second part describes the attributes and attitudes of Border Guard and Police officers after cultural intelligence courses, defining and applying the concepts towards internal security with a focus on Cultural Identity, “what makes a person tick.” An empirical study consisting of written reports was conducted over a three-year period and compiled to reflect attitudes towards immigration and radicalization in the EU.</em></p><p> </p>
2020-10-20T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2020 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical conferencehttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/5361BORDER SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEM, PERSPECTIVES FOR ITS ESTABLISHMENT AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION2021-01-09T09:50:43+02:00Roberts VikainisInta Pokule
<p><em>Effective management of the European Union's external borders is a key priority and a condition for the proper implementation and maintenance of the Schengen area of free movement, which is one of the most important achievements of European integration.</em><em> </em><em>One of the cornerstones of effective management of the European Union's external borders is the timely, accurate and complete exchange of information between all the authorities responsible for controlling the European Union's external borders.</em><em> </em><em>The establishment of a European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR) is an effective tool for such an exchange of information. Within the framework of the EUROSUR project implementation, Latvia has started work on the establishment of the Border Surveillance and Control System, which in the near future will become a basic tool in the development of the Latvian situation image with its further integration into the European situation image. The aim of the study is to study the EUROSUR implementation guidelines at the European Union level, to study the development and implementation of the Border Surveillance and Control System in the State Border Guard, to analyze its functionality and practical application possibilities, to study the existing problems in the Border Surveillance and Control System, and to evaluate.</em><strong></strong></p>
2020-10-20T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2020 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical conferencehttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/5362DEFINITION OF TERRORISM AND EU COUNTER-TERRORISM POLICY2021-01-09T09:50:43+02:00Violeta VasiliauskienėMartynas Vasiliauskas
<p><em>The article dwells on the problem of the definition of terrorism. This term, though usually commonly understandable, is a legal term, the definition of which is not yet universally adopted. The threat of terrorism, taking upon different forms, is always relevant and the efforts to contain it continue. Thus the definition of the phenomenon and its elements is crucial in such efforts. The analysis is relevant as internationally this term is still not defined in one universal legally binding document and there are questions on its exact scope. The article explains two elements that are usually considered essential in defining terrorism. Furthermore, the article dwells on the EU efforts to contain the threat and in particular on its efforts to prevent terrorism – that is, actions taken to counter terrorist radicalisation.</em></p>
2020-10-20T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2020 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical conferencehttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/5363SCHENGEN ACQUIS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN LATVIA2021-01-09T09:50:43+02:00Artūrs Gaveika
<p><em>Latvia joined the Schengen area in 2007 and has already passed three Schengen evaluations. The novelty of the article is aimed at analysis of Schengen Acquis implementation in Latvia and offer suggestions on its further implementation development.</em><em> </em><em>The aim of the study is to develop and propose suggestions on Schengen Acquis content improvement and its judicial systematisation development. The research tasks are to investigate the current EU and national normative regulations, legal practices, the conclusions of Latvian and foreign law researchers by using analytical, historical and comparative methods.</em><em> </em><em>The improvement of the national normative regulation was started long before Latvia's accession to the Schengen area. The further development of the Schengen acquis is important from the point of view of the right to free movement of persons and from the point of view of ensuring public security in the face of today's challenges related to terrorism, international crime, uncontrolled migration and the spread of disease.</em><em> </em><em>The main achievement of the research is that the author has defined the main areas of Schengen Acquis development.</em><em></em></p>
2020-10-20T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2020 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical conferencehttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/5364THE SCHENGEN AREA - THE CHALLENGES OF ITS EXISTENCE AND THE NEED FOR REFORM2021-01-09T09:50:43+02:00Līga BudevičaAija ČerpinskaDaina Znotiņa
<p><em>The Schengen area is a unique structure and one of the European Union's greatest achievements allowing people to move freely within its borders. However, the factors such as the refugee crisis and the influx of asylum seekers into Europe have led several Member States to reintroduce border controls at their internal borders. The aim of the research is to explore the Schengen area, the challenges of its existence and the need for reform. In order to implement the aim of the research, the authors have determined the following tasks of the research: 1) to explore and analyse the Schengen area and the reforms taking place in it; 2) to explore the challenges of the existence of the Schengen area; 3) based on the results obtained in the research, to draw conclusions and develop proposals. </em><em>The study summarizes the reforms implemented and planned in the Schengen area, evaluates the existing challenges and relevance of the reforms to overcome them. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that it is necessary to ensure the Member States adopt measures to restore the proper functioning of the Schengen area and do not request extension of the reintroduction of the border control at the internal borders.</em></p>
2020-10-20T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2020 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical conferencehttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/5356INTELLIGENCE CYCLE AS PART OF EFFECTIVE RISK ANALYSIS UNDER INTEGRATED BORDER MANAGEMENT2021-01-09T09:50:42+02:00Jekaterina LivdāneIluta Arbidāne
<p><em>The aim is to present common approach of processing of information as one of the main aspects for qualitative risk analysis, including all three components – threat, vulnerability and impact, in all levels: strategic, operational and tactical. The theoretical methodology is based on guidelines of common integrated risk analysis model (CIRAM), implemented in Schengen member states (MS) as a part of integrated border management (IBM). Based on the main task – to view particular legal bases and using historical research, analytical and descriptive methods, the legal bases of IBM in the field of risk analysis was explained, at first. Special attention was paid for description of each step of intelligent cycle, because only scrupulous following of methodology guaranteed the high quality of the product in situations when analytical units have huge amount of data from different sources every day. Different kinds of risk analysis (annual, quarterly, monthly, weekly or targeted for specific measures) are performed by European Border and Coast Guard (EBCG) and MS using the CIRAM methodology. Huge data flows should be managed in a structured way. The knowledge and practical implementation of CIRAM has a positive impact on overall internal security in the area of free movement. For this purpose, the amount of trained border guards was analysed. </em></p>
2020-10-20T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2020 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical conferencehttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/5355BORDER GUARDS’ COMPETENCE IN ENGLISH PROFESSIONAL TERMINOLOGY: CHALLENGES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS2021-01-09T09:50:42+02:00Marina Žukova
<p><em>Knowledge of English professional terminology is one of the predominant factors for border guards’ successful professional performance during both border and immigration control carried out at their national state border and inside the country and also joint operations organised and implemented by the European Border and Coast Guard at the EU external borders. The present article suggests an overview of the results of the measures taken by the State Border Guard of Latvia in 2017-2020 to facilitate the improvement of Latvian border guards’ competence in English professional terminology. Based on the results of the survey the author puts forward suggestions for possible improvements in English language training and testing for border guards.</em></p>
2020-10-20T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2020 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical conferencehttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/5357THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF USE OF ELECTROSHOCK WEAPON2021-01-09T09:50:42+02:00Sergejs TalapinsEduards Agafonovs
<p><em>Currently, the use of firearms and special devices by law enforcement agencies in civilised democracies is strictly determined in accordance with the current legislation on the use of firearms and special devices. Their illegitimate or unauthorised application causes censure and sparks public outcry. Nevertheless, sometimes situations arise in which it is difficult and problematic for a law enforcement officer to make the right decision on the use of firearms, physical force, special devices and military working dogs. At the moment, the officers of the Latvian Border Guard are often simply unable to resist the illegal actions of offenders, since the current legislation is not always capable of justifying the lawful actions of the border guard. Also, sometimes the specific character of duty performance (a large crowd of people, the proximity of the state border) makes it impossible to use firearms. At the same time, the lack of regular training on the practical use of special devices (stack, handcuffs and others) significantly reduces the chances of their successful use by the Latvian Border Guard officers. Bearing and using electroshock weapons, and specifically stun guns of the TASER type, will significantly increase the level of security of the Latvian Border Guard staff, and will also allow the use of stun guns to ensure public order without risk to others and with minimal risk to the offender. The stun guns will allow you to blur the lines between physical abilities and the degree of physical fitness of the border guard and the offender, as a result of which a fragile girl - border guard can easily neutralise a raging athlete who is trying to disrupt public order and border control order with minimal harm.</em><em> </em></p><p><strong> </strong></p>
2020-10-20T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2020 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical conferencehttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/5358POSSIBILITIES OF DEVELOPING INTERACTIVE E-LEARNING SYSTEM FOR BORDER GUARDS TRAINING IN THE STATE BORDER GUARD COLLEGE OF THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA2021-01-09T09:50:42+02:00Mārtiņš SpridzānsJans PavlovičsDiāna Soboļeva
<p class="Parasts1"><em>Efficient use of educational technology and digital learning possibilities has always been the strategic area of high importance in border guards training at the State Border Guard College of Latvia. Recently, issues related to training during the Covid-19, have spurred and revived the discussion, topicality and practical need to use the potential of e-learning opportunities which brought up unexpected, additional, previously unsolved, unexplored, challenges and tasks to border guards training. New opportunities and challenges for trainers, learners and administration of training process both in online communication and learning administration contexts. In order to find out and define further e-learning development possibilities at the State Border Guard College the authors </em><em>of this research explore the scientific literature on the current research findings, methodologies, approaches on developing interactive e-learning systems in educational contexts, particularly within the sphere of law enforcement. Based on scientific literature research findings authors put forward suggestions on improving the e-learning systems for border guards training</em>. <em></em></p>
2020-10-20T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2020 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical conferencehttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/5354TIMELINESS OF NATIONAL ARMED FORCE PERSONNEL’S TRAINING IN THE FIELD OF BORDER SURVEILLANCE IN THE VIEW OF COOPERATION BETWEEN NATIONAL ARMED FORCES AND STATE BORDER GUARD2021-01-09T09:50:42+02:00Valentīns BulsOļegs Ignatjevs
<p><em>In the view of modern tendencies, the cooperation between state armed institutions is extremely crucial. As an example could be mentioned the reaction of French government on the terrorist attack in Paris in the year 2015 – both, army and police, in close cooperation made a contribution solving this challenge. In the scale of Latvia the cooperation between National Armed Forces and State Border Guard could solve such problems like lack of personnel and equipment in State Border Guard. The aim of the current paper is to give insight in such themes as legal basis of the mentioned cooperation, the possibilities of involving National Armed Forces personnel in border surveillance, the possibilities of National Armed Forces personnel’s training in the field of border surveillance and possibilities for development of such training and make short summary in these topics. This was done by methods of analysis, open source research and comparative analysis. Among other conclusions, authors of the current paper draw a conclusion that cooperation between National Armed Forces and State Border Guard is effective but the possibilities of National Armed Forces personnel’s training should be improved in the way mentioned in the paper. </em></p>
2020-10-20T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2020 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical conferencehttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/3494ASYLUM PROCEDURE IN LATVIA - A PART OF COMMON EUROPEAN ASYLUM SYSTEM2020-12-19T07:46:57+02:00Iveta Adijāne
<em>The Common European Asylum System (CEAS) conditions apply to Latvia. Development of the Common European Asylum System impacts Latvian legislation and has an effect on the work of judicial institutions. Any European Union scale change affects Latvia. Common European Asylum System conditions in Latvia are being met by direct implementation of the EU instructions. Well-considered position and evaluation of CEAS conditions according to Latvian interests is necessary. Goal of this article is to review demands of the Common European Asylum System towards the member states as well as concordance of the Latvian asylum procedure with conditions of the Common European Asylum System. Objectives of this research is to examine development of legislation in the EU and Latvia, to analyse and compare current legislation of the asylum procedure in the EU member states as well as to analyse impact of CEAS towards the asylum procedure in Latvia. In order to achieve objectives, following research methods were used: monographic research of theoretical and empirical sources in order to analyse and evaluate various asylum domain information, analytical method in order to acquire legislative content and verities, comparative method in order to discover differences in legislation of asylum procedure in the EU countries, systemic method in order to disclose interconnections in legislation, descriptive statistics method and correlation analysis in order to analyse process of the asylum procedure and determine interconnections in the asylum procedure time frame between legislation and practical instances in EU countries.</em>
2018-07-05T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2018 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENThttps://journals.rta.lv/index.php/BSM/article/view/3493RANGE OF PROBLEMS OF THE SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR THE BORDER CONTROL UNITS2020-12-19T07:46:57+02:00Eduards AgafonovsAija ČerpinskaSergejs Počkajevs
<em>The authors of this paper describe the current situation in the Border Control Units of the State Border Guard of the Republic of Latvia and, based on the study of regulatory enactments, summarize the service information on the development of the concept of border control in the international law, the essence of its implementation, the principles and mechanisms of the establishment of the infrastructure and engineering equipment that is necessary for the state border control, as well as the role of the border control in the framework of the cooperation.</em>
2018-07-05T00:00:00+03:00Copyright (c) 2018 BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT